The figure shows a network of five resistances and two batteries. The total electrical power consumed by the circuit is ............... $W$.

The thermo emf of a hypothetical thermocouple varies with the temperature $\theta$ of the hot junction as $E = a\theta + b\theta^2$ in volts,where the ratio $a/b$ is $700^{\circ}C$. If the cold junction is kept at $0^{\circ}C$,then the neutral temperature is:

For the circuits shown in figures $I$ and $II$,the voltmeter reading would be

Four lamps are connected as shown in the figure. When switch $S_2$ is open and switch $S_1$ is at position $2$,lamp $b$ is the brightest,and lamps $c$ and $d$ are the dimmest and have the same brightness. Now,if $S_2$ is closed and $S_1$ is at position $1$,what is the sequence of brightness of the lamps (starting from the brightest)?

Consider a block of conducting material of resistivity $\rho$ shown in the figure. Current $I$ enters at $A$ and leaves from $D$. We apply the superposition principle to find the voltage $\Delta V$ developed between $B$ and $C$. The calculation is done in the following steps: $(i)$ Take current $I$ entering from $A$ and assume it to spread over a hemispherical surface in the block. $(ii)$ Calculate the field $E(r)$ at distance $r$ from $A$ by using Ohm's law $E=\rho j$,where $j$ is the current per unit area at $r$. $(iii)$ From the $r$ dependence of $E(r)$,obtain the potential $V(r)$ at $r$. $(iv)$ Repeat $(i), (ii)$ and $(iii)$ for current $I$ leaving $D$ and superpose results for $A$ and $D$. $\Delta V$ measured between $B$ and $C$ is

Two wires with resistances $R$ and $2R$ are connected in parallel. The ratio of heat generated in $2R$ and $R$ is: